Soft Teeth

What is enamel on the teeth?

Enamel is a hard material that covers and protects the top of our teeth (the crown). It is made mainly of calcium and mineral phosphate. It is the strongest tissue in the body.

The enamel protects the teeth and nerves from the extreme forces that are created by grinding and chewing. The enamel allows us to break down our food which helps in digestion and the conversion of food into energy. The enamel does not regenerate if it is damaged by trauma or decay.

The most common cause of damage to enamel is tooth decay. Plaque can accumulate in and around the teeth. Plaque is made up of bacteria that metabolize sugar to produce acid. Acid demineralizes and deteriorates the enamel, causing cavities or holes.

The most common causes of decayed teeth are:

• Sugar in soft drinks
• Fruit drinks with sugar
• Sugar in foods such as fruit, cookies, and candy

You can reduce your risk of developing new teeth by limiting the consumption of these foods.

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia).

Certain medications and medical conditions can cause dry mouth. Normal salivary flow is necessary to remove plaque, which causes tooth decay. Cavities increase when salivary flow is reduced.

Acid Reflux Disease

Acid reflux is a condition where stomach acid backs up into the esophagus or mouth. Very acidic stomach acids can cause teeth to erode. The lower back teeth are most affected by this problem because they are closest to the esophagus. If you suspect that you may have acid reflux, you should consult your doctor.

Grinding (Bruxism)

Many people grind their  teeth. Although it is very common, research has not been able to determine the exact reason why people grind their teeth. This occurs more often at night. A nightguard can help prevent the gradual erosion of enamel over time.

Vomiting

Vomiting can be common for people receiving chemotherapy or those with eating disorders like bulimia. The stomach's highly acidic content breaks down teeth at a rapid pace.

White or black spots

Acidity can cause white or black spots, which are usually the first signs of decay.

Darker areas on X-rays

Early signs of decay can be detected by X-rays.

Sensitivity

A sensitivity to heat, pressure or cold could be an indication of decay. Sugar can cause sensitivity.

Cavities

Enamel can develop cavities or holes as the decay progresses.

Food Impaction

When food gets stuck between teeth, it will cause cavities to develop.

Pain

Pain is caused by advanced cavities. Cold-related pain that persists or worsens during the night is a sign of concern.

The sooner you deal with decay, the better. Don't wait until you feel pain before you act. It will usually be more expensive and invasive to treat.

It is possible to prevent decay, but it requires a change in daily habits and diet. Regular visits to our office are the best way of preventing decay. A cavity will not heal on its own once it has started. Plaque that can cause cavities and decay can be removed by regular hygiene visits. Plaque that causes cavities can be removed by daily flossing and brushing.

Other preventive measures include:

• Sugar and acidic drinks such as soda should be eliminated.
• Brush your teeth immediately after eating, and more so if you consume sugar.
• Avoid snacking between meals thought the day.
• Biotene(r), a supplement, can help you if your salivary flow is low.
• Sugar-free chewing gum improves saliva flow.
• Fluoride toothpaste can strengthen the enamel, preventing new cavities.
• Seal your molars with sealants.
• It is important to brush and floss at night. When we sleep, our mouths become drier and decay can flourish.
• Use oral hygiene products. Use an electric toothbrush such as a Sonicare (r) or Waterpik (r) to clean in between your teeth.

Treatment depends on the severity of the damage. Early decay can be treated by a filling. If the decay has reached the nerve, root canals are a better option. If a large part of a tooth has been damaged due to trauma or decay, crowns or veneers can be used.